Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide: A Key Player in Migraine Pathogenesis

Unveiling the Role of CGRP in Migraine Attacks

Background

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a neuropeptide that has been implicated in the pathophysiology of migraines. Studies have shown elevated CGRP levels during and between migraine attacks, suggesting its involvement in both the initiation and maintenance of migraine pain.

Mechanisms of Action

CGRP is released from trigeminal nerve endings and acts on receptors in the central nervous system and blood vessels. It causes vasodilation, which can lead to the characteristic throbbing pain of migraines. Additionally, CGRP has been shown to activate the trigeminovascular system, a complex network of nerves that innervate the head and face, further contributing to migraine pain.

Therapeutic Implications

The understanding of CGRP's role in migraines has led to the development of CGRP antagonists, which are drugs that block the effects of CGRP. These drugs have been shown to be effective in reducing migraine frequency and severity, providing new treatment options for migraine sufferers.